湖南省SO2污染现状、排放强度地理分布及趋势预测

以湖南省1990-1999年的SO2监测和统计数据为基础,对湖南省排放SO2的现状进行了分析,计算了湖南省各地区SO2排放强度,并对湖南省今后SO2排放趋势进行了预测.结果表明,湖南省SO2污染最为严重的地带是处于沅江和澧水流域的吉首和洪江南北走廊带,其次是以长沙为中心的湘江谷地;排放强度最大的区域位于湖南省中部的娄底、湘潭和株洲等地,排放强度大于10.0 t/km2·a,其次是岳阳,排放强度在7.50～10.0 t/km2·a之间.预测结果显示,湖南省SO2排放量在2005年将达到77.15×104 t,到2010年将达到92.41×104 t.     

我国碳排放研究现状的文献计量分析

运用文献计量学方法考察1989~2010年公开发表在CNKI、维普和万方三大数据库的我国碳排放研究文献,较为系统地分析我国碳排放研究发文年度分布、期刊分布、高产作者及引文分布等问题,同时通过关键词统计分析,初步揭示出碳排放研究的新方向。     

Comparing chamber and eddy covariance based net ecosystem CO2 exchange of fen soils

Due to their high emission potential, the reporting of CO₂ emissions from peatlands requires exact emission factors for different land use categories. Recently used emission factors are mainly based on CO₂ flux measurements by chamber techniques or the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method. However, evidence about the reliability and comparability of annual CO₂ balances based on these methods is scarce. Therefore, manual chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (R_ECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were conducted for two years (March 2012–April 2014) to model annual balances of two sites on fen soils with different land use intensity in northern Germany: an unutilized and rewetted grassland (UG) and an intensively utilized wet grassland (GW). Simultaneously, EC measurements of NEE were conducted on the sites. Two reasons for occasionally great deviations in NEE between the methods could be observed: (1) the accordance of both methods was most hampered during transition periods such as the beginning of the growing season and the onset of regrowth after a grassland defoliation due to different spatial scales of EC and chamber measurements and (2) R_ECO and gross primary production (GPP) partitioned from EC NEE measurements were systematically lower than those from the chamber‐based model, which could be a result of the EC energy balance gap. Differences were more pronounced for the managed site GW as a result of more frequent regrowth periods. It is concluded that the EC and chamber method can show comparable results for the CO₂ exchange of grasslands on fen soils when the limitations of both methods are known and considered for the reporting of emission factors. These limitations are due to energy balance closure and potentially biased footprints for EC and a restricted representativeness especially during early stages of plant development for the chamber method.     

K均值和分层聚类法在大米产地鉴别中的应用

大米称誉为"五谷之首",是我国的主要粮食作物。大米产地鉴别方法的研究对于保护广大消费者和生产厂家的利益、推动我国大米出口业的发展等都具有重要意义。为此,选取了19个响水大米样品和10个非响水大米样品,使用等离子体原子发射光谱的方法测定了样品中P,B,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Na,K,Mg和Ca等10种微量元素的含量,并利用样品中的微量元素含量数据,使用K-Means聚类法和Hierarchical聚类法对大米样品进行了聚类分析。结果表明,K-Means和Hierarchical聚类法对于样品有聚类趋势。研究结果能够为大米生产厂商与质检部门鉴别大米产地提供参考和借鉴。     

细胞生物学实验教学中“节能减排”方法的探讨

细胞生物学实验对有毒、有害试剂及材料的使用量大,产生实验垃圾量大,是教学实验室中的污染大户。为在实验教学中做到＂节能减排＂,采取了以下措施：将环保素质教育引入实验教学中;制定有效管理考查措施,强化学生在实验中的环保意识;在实验设计、组配、准备和学生实施操作等的每个细节中做到精心设计,少用少排。多年的实践表明这种方法行之有效,不仅可减少细胞生物学实验中对药品、水电等的消耗,同时还可大大减少实验垃圾的产生量。     

国际碳市场现状与趋势

国际碳市场目前已形成以项目市场为主流市场、准许市场为辅助市场的基本格局。文中首先对国际碳市场的基本结构进行了定性划分，然后着重从交易主体、交易数量、交易价格和交易类型等方面对项目市场展开了深入分析，最后对国际碳市场的发展趋势进行了展望。     

环保阻燃胶的开发

为了改善人造板的阻燃性能及降低人造板游离甲醛释放量，在引进国外先进技术基础上，历经两年的消化、吸收、创新工作，开发出一种集环保、阻燃、抑烟、胶粘于一体的环保型阻燃胶。实验室及福州人造板厂生产性试验结果表明，这种胶粘剂符合中密度纤维板生产的要求，可生产出低游离甲醛释放的阻燃中密度纤维板。初步的成本分析表明，与常用阻燃剂相比，这种阻燃胶在价格上极具优势。     

人造板中甲醛的危害及降醛措施

简述了甲醛对人体的危害,介绍了人造板中甲醛释放的由来以及降低板材甲醛释放量的各种措施.以3个企业应用生产系统解决方案为实例,说明生产E1/E2级的中/高密度纤维板的可行性.     

游离甲醛和人造板释放甲醛

甲醛是室内空气污染源，它常与甲醛系统粘接连在一起，本文根据国内外资料评述人造板甲醛释放量，分析了脲醛树脂的水解和人造板释放甲醛的机理，还介绍了甲醛的毒害，各国政府的有关法规以各种降低甲醛释放量的方法。     

低毒脲醛树脂固化物的甲醛释放

对不同固化体系下三种低毒脲醛树脂固化物随环境变化的甲醛释放量进行了具体研究。试验结果表明:固化体系不同,脲醛树脂的甲醛释放量有很大差别。随着温度的升高,甲醛释放量明显增加;随着时间的变化,脲醛树脂固化物的甲醛释放量逐渐减少,第5天以后逐渐趋于稳定。用三聚氰胺进行改性的脲醛树脂的甲醛释放量明显低于未加任何改性剂的脲醛树脂。